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LouGoo > nanoparticle!
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Applications of nanoparticles in ophthalmology
Abstract
Nanocarriers, such as nanoparticles, have the capacity to deliver ocular drugs to specific target
sites and hold promise to revolutionize the therapy of many eye diseases. Results to date
strongly suggest that ocular medicine will benefit enormously from the use of this
nanometric scale technology. One of the most important handicaps of the eye as a target
organ for drugs is the presence of several barriers that impede direct and systemic drug
access to the specific site of action. Superficial barriers include the ocular surface epithelium
and the tear film, and internal barriers include the blood-aqueous and blood-retina barriers.
Topical application is the preferred route for most drugs, even when the target tissues are
at the back part of the eye where intraocular injections are currently the most common route of
administration. Direct administration using any of these two routes faces many problems
related to drug bioavailability, including side effects and repeated uncomfortable treatments to
achieve therapeutic drug levels. In this regard, the advantages of using nanoparticles
include improved topical passage of large, poorly water-soluble molecules such as
glucocorticoid drugs or cyclosporine for immune-related, vision-threatening diseases.
Other large and unstable molecules, such as nucleic acids, delivered using nanoparticles offer
promising results for gene transfer therapy in severe retinal diseases. Also, nanoparticle-
mediated drug delivery increases the contact time of the administered drug with its target
tissue, such as in the case of brimonidine, one of the standard treatments for glaucoma, or
corticosteroids used to treat autoimmune uveitis, a severe intraocular inflammatory process. In
addition, nanocarriers permit the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin to reach
inner eye structures using the transmucosal route. Finally, nanoparticles allow the possibility of
targeted delivery to reach specific types of cancer, such as melanoma, leaving normal cells
untouched. This review summarizes experimental results from our group and others since the
beginnings of nanocarrier technology to deliver drugs to different locations in the eye. Also, it
explores the future possibilities of nanoparticles not only as drug delivery systems but also as
aides for diagnostic purposes.
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
References
1. ISO ISO/TS 27687:2008 Nanotechnologies - Terminology and definitions for nano objects - nanoparticle,
nanofibre and nanoplate. Available at: http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue.htm
3. ASTM 2456-06 Standard Terminology Relating to Nanotechnology. Available at: http://www.astm.org/Standard/
index.shtml
4. Scientific Basis for the Definition of the Term "nanomaterial", ISSN 1831-4783 ISBN 978-92-79-12757-1,
doi:10.2772/39703 ND-AS-09-004-EN-N.
4. Burgess, et. al., Particle Size Analysis: AAPS Workshop Report, Cosponsored by the Food a
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For instance, in eye drops, the best is a nanoparticle mist. Booth for ease of administration and for how well it works because of absorption and penetration (no pun intended!)
VIZOOVET PLUS NANOPARTICLE MIST
There are 3 categories of nanoparticles.
VIZOOVET® PLUS packaging produces particles of the smallest size category.
1. Nanoparticles have the capacity to deliver ocular drugs to specific target sites and hold
promise to revolutionize the therapy of many eye diseases.
2. They can improve penetration, sustained delivery, and controlled release of different drugs
for ophthalmic therapeutic applications.
Nanoparticles are at least 100 times smaller than their counterpart that's a normal particle size.
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